This study entails the translation of scientific terms from english into indonesian. Legal translators face numerous factors that influence their ability to translate certain terms. Musyoka and others published types of nonequivalence in the k. The present paper intends to elaborate on the features and necessity of equivalence in translation. Non equivalence, grammatical level, word level, translating, source language sl, target. Nonequivalence, grammatical level, word level, translating, source language sl, target. Various translations of the same original texts will be. Equivalence and nonequivalence mata taran andreici west university of timi. Equivalence and nonequivalence in translation free download as word doc. Even if it may seem an intuitive matter of course, the formation of collocations follows the explicit rules of morphol. This paper aims at highlighting the fact that equivalence represents a concept worth revisiting and detailing upon when tackling the translation process of economic texts both from english into romanian and from romanian into english. Consequently, in this context, translation means interpretation. Strategies for translating nonequivalence at word level.
As a matter of fact, translators and translation theorists worldwide have long realized the essence of translation as a kind of communication. It also lists the translation difficulties and the accurate strategies that may help students to solve these problems. The objectives of this study are to investigate the problem of nonequivalence at word level found in mathematics bilingual textbook and to investigate the translation strategies used. It indicates that there is no equivalence in translation. There is no onetoone correspondence between orthographic words and elements of meaning within or across languages.
Today the scriptures are translated from those languages into hundreds of other tongues. The strategies dealing with problems of nonequivalence at. English makes frequent use of suffixes such as ish e. On strategies of nonequivalence in englishchinese translation. Far from being exhaustive, our analysis will focus upon the problems arising from the lack of equivalence at the word level. Further, nonequivalence in translation is discussed and substantiated by evidence and examples in the process of translating from arabic into english, a point that. Legal translation is a challenging and complex process. This paper will combine the existing translation theories to analyze the reasons causing the nonequivalence from the chineseenglish cultural levels. The purpose of the study is to identify and classify the strategies used by the translator, dealing with the nonequivalence problems at word level which occur in the translation of a novel by stephenie meyer entitled twilight.
Further, nonequivalence in translation is discussed and substantiated by evidence and examples in the process of translating from arabic into english, a point. Further, nonequivalence in translation is discussed and substantiated by evidence and examples in the process of translating from arabic into. Lexical sets and semantic fields in economic translation. The course offers a discussion of issues of nonequivalence and untranslatability in translation studies and is addressed to students interested in examining diverse aspects of these theoretical question based on a variety of text types. In the present presentation we will discuss the problem of nonequivalence but first we will understand what is equivalence and the difference with nonequivalence which is one of the most common problems in translation, when it happens and what are the most common issues with nonequivalence. Different views to non equivalence english language essay. This study was conducted by using descriptive qualitative design. Translation theory equivalence in translation producer. Kganyago outlines the problems that most translators are faced with on a daily basis when translating because of lack of equivalence and. The process of translation has existed for millennia, thus facilitating both linguistic and cultural transfer. The concept of equivalence in translation one hour.
This paper examines types of nonequivalences in the kikamba bible translation. Translation involves the rendering of a source text message into the target text so as to ensure that the surface meaning of the two is approximately similar and the structures of the source language are preserved as closely as possible in the target text. Equivalence refers to cases where languages describe the same. According to pym 1992, equivalence is supposed to define translation, and translation, in turn, defines equivalence. Theorists of translation have studied equivalence in relation to the translation process, namely quantitative and qualitative. Nonequivalence in translation can be evidenced through numerous examples in the process of translating from arabic into english. Equivalence versus nonequivalence in economic translation. The problem of non equivalence linkedin slideshare. Subject areas education, linguistics keywords translation, nonequivalence, source text, target text, the bible and how to cite this paper. The new testaments language was the common greek spoken in the time of christ and his apostles. It is one of the main principles of western theory of translation. Equivalence is a powerful tool in service of that goal, but it only works when you have a deep, comprehensive understanding of the process. If the meaning is not similar or equal, the translation produces non equivalent meaning. As catford states, the central problem of translationpractice is that of finding tl equivalents.
As translators, we are primarily concerned with communicating the overall meaning of a stretch of. Nonequivalence at grammatical and word level and the strategies. Equivalence can be said to be the central issue in translation although its definition, relevance, and applicability within the field of translation theory have caused heated. Translating consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly. The scriptures were written mainly in two languages.
Categories of lukabras nonequivalence at the word level. The translation can be onetoone, onetomany or even onetonone, when a concept cant be translated in the tl. Consequently, relevant examples from the economic field will be provided to account for the following types of nonequivalence at word level. A case study of english translation into persian ahmad ezzati collage of foreign language islamic azad university, shahreqods branch tehran, iran abstract this present paper tries to examine some obstacles in nonequivalence at grammatical level, and then researches. Nida states that translation consist of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalence of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. Nonequivalence definition and meaning collins english. Equivalence problems in translation nansy ahmad daoud mosleh alfaori translation department, yarmouk university, irbid, jordan equivalence is an important notion in translation theory. Graduation thesis strategies to deal with nonequivalence. However, the process is hampered by nonequivalence, which. A literal translation is a useless translation you have to understand the meaning behind the words. But this modified notion of textlevel equivalence has had to come through nonequivalence at the word level. Most of the set phrases with equivalent meaning and internal form in russian and serbian are found in russian and serbian as cognates. This study is aimed to identify, classify, and analyze the lexical nonequivalence in the translation of a newspaper article entitled mui rules out fatwa against facebook over cartoon. In translation studies, equivalence is an important concept.
Translation using a loan word or loan word plus explanation 5. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. In history, translation has always functioned as a bridge for people who do not know foreign languages to understand the source text. Nonequivalence no direct equivalent in the tl for a sl word, phrase, or idiom cultural nonequivalence situational linguistic nonequivalence grammar, vocabulary, meaning all types of translation involve. Equivalence is one of the procedures used in translation. Part one is an introductory section that provides some definitions of translation, equivalence and nonequivalence and culture. Although translators do not normally work on wordforword equivalence, the discussion may serve as the basic step in dealing with non equivalence found in the source text. The comparison of texts in different languages inevitably involves a theory of equivalence. Nonequivalence in translation university of warsaw. Nonequivalence at word level and somecommon strategies for dealing with it common problems of nonequivalence. Information about the openaccess article equivalence versus nonequivalence in economic translation in doaj. Introduction this article has taken shape as a result of translation activity when, as. Strategies in translating collocations in religious texts.
Nida, who probably has earned the title of the father of dynamic equivalence, though he more recently has chosen to call the process functional equivalence,4 sees hermeneutics as entirely separate from dynamicequivalence translation procedures,5 but does. Nonequivalence, then, is a legitimate field of translation theory. To be more specific, equivalence is one of the most important considerations of professional translation agents and freelance translation service experts alike when it comes to localizing a. Hopefully, the findings of the research will give ideas to both the translators of legal texts dealing with nonequivalence problems and the teachers of legal english searching for effective terminology teaching strategies as well as willing to use comparative law and translation methodology in. Equivalence definition of equivalence by the free dictionary. Finding translation equivalents is one of the core problems of the translation process. This concept could be abstract or concrete, it could refer to a. These categories were attributed to the vocabulary differences abstract. It is considered that equivalence is the most salient feature of a quality of translation nababan. The investigation of equivalence in translation reveals that how translators exactly transfer massage in translation from the source language into target language or vice versa. It implies that the nature of translation is equivalence. The non equivalent meaning occurs at word level, at.
Types of nonequivalence in the kikamba bible translation. Equivalence and the matter of nonequivalence are considered the major concept in translation. The notion of equivalence in translation has become a central issue since 1960s. Newmark in rudi hartono states that translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the. Nonequivalence at grammatical and word level and the. Equivalence versus nonequivalence in economic translation cristina, chifane1 abstract. The influence of nonequivalence in englishchinese translation, relative untranslatability may be caused by nonequivalence and how to translate perfectly and natively, is a big challenge to translators.
There are many possible problems of nonequivalence between two languages, here we will address a few that we think might be relevant to the type of translations youll be doing at dcs. Nonequivalence at grammatical and word level and the strategies to deal with. Jakobson, on linguistic aspects of translation 1959 in the translation studies reader l. Nevertheless, a translator needs to be aware of some strategies which may be used to deal with nonequivalence in certain contexts.
As a consequence, the nature of nonequivalence, its taxonomy and strategies tackling nonequivalence at word level, the basic unit of meaning, will be clearly clarified in this paper. Translation by more neutral less expressive word 3. Baker has listed eight strategies of coping with lack of equivalence at a phrase level. Non equivalence at scientific terms in mathematics. Mona baker s on equivalence pages 1 50 text version. Translators and researchers search for various translation techniques to deal with. Baker mentions that nonequivalent at word level means that the target language has no direct equivalent for a word which occurs in the source. The data were collected from the translation results of the newspaper. If confined to a written language, translation is a cover term with three distinguishable meanings. She suggested certain strategies such as, superordinate by using a. Therefore, theorists in the field of translation studies are.
The thesis entitled translation strategies dealing with nonequivalence at word level in the comic entitled translation of lucky luke. Baker 1992 has referred to translation strategies as descriptions of handling various types of nonequivalence p. Common problems in continuation we will see some common varieties of nonequivalence at word level with examples in english or italian when possible. Equivalence and equivalent effect in translation theory essay. Ibn abbas is nicknamed turjuman alquran meaning the translator of the quran or the interpreter of the quran. Translation equivalence is an important concept of translation theory.