Nov 12, 2012 this is my report in assessment of student learning 1 about referencing frameworks, test interpretation etc. Normreferenced and criterionreferenced test interpretations. Aug, 2015 criterionreferenced interpretations can be made in various ways for example, we can. Criterion referenced tests measurement techniques norm referenced tests sat test construction abstract. The criterionreferenced interpretation of a test score identifies the relationship to the. Students should be able to construct meaning through experiences with. The book begins with a discussion of the differences between norm referenced and. Criterionreferenced test scores and their interpretations module 6.
Criterionreferenced interpretation by calin mar bolofer. Other crt criterion referenced testing projects were a part of the nineties such as the portfolio pilot project assessing mathematics and literacy for about 5 to 6 districts. In the previous module on criterionreferenced test scores, you read about the use of raw scores. Table of contents for interpreting standardized test scores. This descriptive use of test scores is needed in the testing programs of the learning strategies mentioned earlier. Criterionreferenced interpretation sage research methods. A range of marks is available for a given level and the marker judges how much of a description the pupil has achieved and awards marks accordingly. Left behind act of 2001 arkansas had content standards at grade levels k4, 58, and 912. Highlighted in these discussions are explanations of the purposes of a given test, a description of either 1 a student and herhis scores including an actual test report or 2 an entire class and their scores including a class test report, and an account of how a teacher, or group of teachers, would proceed through the process of using.
On criterionreferenced tests, it is not only possible, but desirable, for every student to pass the test or earn a perfect score. A criterion referenced test is a style of test which uses test scores to generate a statement about the behavior that can be expected of a person with that score. Criterionreferenced interpretations are independent of information based on how the average person performs. In this lesson, well look at two major types of tests that are scored differently from each other. In elementary and secondary education, criterionreferenced tests are used to evaluate whether students. There are many advantages of criterion referenced tests, particularly for special education. Thus, linking scores from achievement tests that were normed on different groups will. Normreferenced test scores and their interpretations sect.
The criterionreferenced interpretation of a test score identifies the relationship to the subject matter. Normreferenced and criterionreferenced interpretation. In such mark schemes the level descriptions are fundamental to the criterion referenced assessment. Nov 18, 2019 criterion referenced test last updated november 18, 2019. Most tests and quizzes that are written by school teachers can be considered criterion referenced tests. This useful manual helps teachers develop the skills necessary to incorporate these test scores into various types of instructional decision makinga process known as. A criterionreferenced test is a style of test which uses test scores to generate a statement about. Normreferenced tests are specifically designed to rank test takers on a bell curve, or a distribution of scores that resembles, when graphed, the outline of a belli. Criterion referenced standardized tests measure student performance against a specific.
Examples of criterion referenced scores and how to interpret them. First, students are only tested on their knowledge of specific goals or standards. Criterionreferenced test definition the glossary of education. In which one of the following situations would criterionreferenced interpretations of students scores always be more appropriate than normreferenced interpretations. Pdf normreferenced and criterionreferenced test in efl. The degree to which his achievement resembles desired performance at any specified. When people think of a teachers job, they seldom think of it requiring the interpretation of results from standardized tests.
Bibliographic record and links to related information available from the library of congress catalog. Criterionreferenced tests and assessments are designed to measure student. Importance of norm referenced test scores the purpose of this handout is to provide instruction on the interpretation of results from norm referenced tests. This book is designed to help k12 teachers and administrators understand the nature of standardized tests and, in particular, the scores that result from them. Criterionreferenced test scores and their interpretations what do criterionreferenced test scores tell us. The first statewide criterion referenced testing took place with the.
Criterion referenced scores tell us what a student is capable of because the score is reflective of successful demonstration of knowledge or failure to demonstrate knowledge in a specific area. Strategies for datadriven instructional decision making pp. Criterion referenced tests known as crts are used to evaluate an individuals comprehension and skills in regards to a specific subject and focus. I have discussed the major differences between norm referenced and criterion referenced tests in a number of places most recently in brown, 2012a. Strategies for datadriven instructional decision making is designed to help k12 teachers and administrators understand the nature of standardized tests and, in particular, the scores that result from them. Normreferenced and criterionreferenced mike bostock. Criterion referenced interpretation linkedin slideshare. For a further clarification of the distinction between normreferenced and criterion referenced test score interpretations, we refer to block 1971a, carver. This is a discussion of the values and uses of normreferenced and criterionreferenced tests, appropriateness and usefulness of each, the overlap of their appropriateness and usefulness, and the frequent confusion between the two.
Norm referenced and criterion referenced test in efl classroom. Examinees fill in a box or bubble indicating their answers, and the answer form is. Criterion referenced scores make a statement about how well a student performs, regardless of how other students perform. Criterion referenced test construction and evaluation. I have also explained at length the different strategies that should be applied in developing and validating the. Questions and answers about language testing statistics. Criterionreferenced tests known as crts are used to evaluate an individuals comprehension and skills in regards to a specific subject and focus. Criterion referenced assessments are different from the norm referenced assessments most people are accustomed to. Criterionreferenced test definition the glossary of. Placing students in math groups based on relative ability c. For example, educators in a school district might have built a test to yield criterionreferenced interpretations, used the test for several years and, in the process, gathered substantial data regarding the performances of district students. Sage books criterionreferenced test scores and their.
The kr20, a normreferenced reliability coefficient, respectively yielded 0. Criterionreferenced interpretation by calin mar bolofer on prezi. Test reports overview of test reports individual student reports class reports building and districtlevel reports summary activities for application and reflection 5. The notion of criterionreferencing test scores does not exclude the use of norm. This entry further describes criterionreferenced interpretation and its uses, then discusses the design and validation of tests that foster criterionreferenced interpretation. Criterion referenced test development is designed specifically for training professionals who need to better understand how to develop criterion referenced tests crts. There are many reasons that students performance on teacher assessments. For example, if a student scores on the seventysecond percentile in reading it.
Debunking the myths of normreferenced and criterionreferenced interpretations myth 1 a test can be normreferenced nr or criterionreferenced ct, but not both. Disadvantages of using criterion referenced assessments. Criterionreferenced test scores and their interpretations. Most tests used in schools are either normreferenced or criterionreferenced. A criterion referenced test for mathematics should reflect the scope and sequence of state standards such as the common core state standards. Standardized test administration and preparation sect. Criterionreferenced tests and assessments are designed to measure student performance against a fixed set of predetermined criteria or learning standardsi. Aug 17, 2007 criterion referenced tests crts are intended to measure how well a person has learned a specific body of knowledge and skills. Scores that indicate the level of knowledge or skills a student possesses in a specific area are referred to. Normreferenced and criterionreferenced interpretations.
Raw scores are the main method of reporting results of 112 standardized test scores and their interpretations 06mertler45207. Strategies for datadriven instructional decision making is designed to help k12 teachers and administrators understa. Multiplechoice tests most people take to get a drivers license and on the road driving tests are both examples of criterion referenced tests. The book summarizes relevant prior linkage studies and presents a picture of the. Criterionreferenced interpretations can be made in various ways for example, we can. Normreferenced test definition the glossary of education. Knowing the factors that affect the learning level of every student is important in providing the right type of lessons. When there is a choice available regarding test score interpre tation e. Criterionreferenced test wikimili, the free encyclopedia.
Grade equivalents represent the extent to which a student can read material typical of a student at a certain grade. We will discuss criterionreferenced scores and their interpretations in this module and normreferenced scores in module 6. So i will only touch on those differences briefly here. This book is designed to help k12 teachers and administrators understand the. Normreferenced test scores and their interpretations. I wish this could help everyone who needs a little slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. While criterionreferenced test scores are often expressed as. Rather, there are criterion and normreferenced interpretations of students test performances. For example, if you had taught a lesson on adding fractions, you will give the student a test on adding fractions. As previously stated, normreferenced interpretations compare students scores to a reference group e. Criterionreferenced interpretations of test scores may be supported. Criterion referenced test development has been thoroughly revised and updated to address the most recent issues in certification and qualification testing.
Section 2, standardized test scores and their interpretations, continues with. Interpreting standardized test scores sage publications inc. Tabe guidelines to inclusive testing accommodations. Stay connected to your students with prezi video, now in microsoft teams. This useful manual helps teachers develop the skills necessary to incorporate these test scores. Criterionreferenced scores tell us what a student is capable of because the score is reflective of successful demonstration of knowledge or failure to demonstrate knowledge in a specific area. Figure 2 provides a quick summary of the various scales available with the iowa assessments. Normreferenced test scores and their interpretations sage books. In general, criterionreferenced tests involve a cut score, where the examinee passes if their score exceeds the cut score and fails if it does not often called a mastery test. Interpreting standardized test scores sage publications ltd. Distinguishing the many varieties of criterionreferenced tests jstor. Standardized test scores and their interpretations module 4. Criterionreferenced tests have been compared to driverslicense exams, which require wouldbe drivers to achieve a minimum passing score to earn a license. To identify the things that stand along the way to successful learning, testing is necessary.